Ten Year Anniversary & Evolution - Regional Community Newsletter

Dear Readers –

Today is the ten year anniversary of the newsletter part of the Regions Work Initiative. It is, among other things, an effort to make the notion of "regional community” a viable term relating to community development at multi-jurisdictional scales

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This term comes from my experience as a regional planner for Virginia Planning District 7, then the Lord Fairfax Planning District Commission, where I began work in 1973

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By the early 1990’s, after two decades of being together as a regional commission, the region began to make progress on a number of joint projects including: management of a regional tire shredder, a Minimum Instream Flow Study for the North Fork of the Shenandoah River, a Civil War Battlefields Heritage plan, and VDOT funded rural transportation planning for the Planning Districts.

Part of that success had to do with a retreat from the fear that the Planning District Commission would become a directly elected Service District Commission, as had been provided for in the 1968 Virginia Area Development Act. Planning District Commissions which, at the start, could not implement programs were given that authority in legislation.

It was also assisted by my creation of the regional name "Northern Shenandoah Valley" in 1983. That became an everyday community identifier, now extensively used in business advertising.

Such regional community emergence was occurring in other Virginia Planning Districts, as well as for Regional Councils and Councils of Government throughout the U.S. in the 1990's.

In total I could see that, regions did work, yet a question was: "What's a region?" Academics and pundits of various stripes thought that the boundaries of existing regional councils were all wrong.

At the 1998 World Future Society Conference in Chicago I began to explore this question with the launch of the Regions Work Initiative, an individual effort.

November 11, 2003, the on-line newsletter Regional Community News was begun, noting:"The focus is on things done at the multi-jurisdiction regional level in the U.S. and around the world." It was based on the TransportationCommunications Newsletter published by Bernie Wagenblast, which is still going strong.

January 4, 2006, the term “Development" was added, since that appeared to be a key objective of regional efforts. In 2008, I committed to another five years, which bring us to this day, November 11, 2013. 

In 2012, the effort became: Greater/Regional Community Motivation - News and Thought. Distribution of new stories shifted to a daily stream via Twitter, Flipboard and Google+. Thought pieces are on the blog and distributed via Yahoo Groups.

Another concept I sought to develop has been a geocode to enable aggregation of data by political geography, since alphabetic FIPS codes could not do so.

Success can be reported in this area with the upcoming publication of: “Prototype Global Coding of Political Geographies for Library and Data Management-Wikipedia Example” in the Papers of the Applied Geography Conferences. Materials are online http://goo.gl/7C0iIE.

These efforts will continue. There is a growing need for human unity and cooperation in the world. Community motive, the term used by Aldo Leopold in 1944, is another concept that would benefit the world, as it balances the lesser profit motive.

Feedback is always welcome.

Sincerely

Tom Christoffel, FeRSA, AICP, Editor

Why focus on COGs/Regional Councils in the U.S.? "the substate district is essentially an administrative tool of states"

The prior three posts which demonstrate the levels of the global geocode will raise the question, "Why focus on COGs/Regional Councils in the U.S.? The following excerpt from the paper: "Prototype Global Geocoding of Political Geographies for Library and Data Management - Wikipedia Example," a paper to be presented at the Applied Geography Conference, October 31, 2013 in Annapolis, Maryland. 

4.  SUBNATIONAL GEOCODING OF POLITICAL GEOGRAPHIES FOR REGIONS

"The historic primary substate political region of States is the county or its equivalent. It is for these areas that Census data is collected and maintained. Four states have independent cities for which census data is collected.  Virginia has 39, while Maryland, Missouri and Nevada each have one.  Though Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts have eliminated some or all counties, census data is compiled for historic counties which have no current governance function.  State data is collected on the same geography and is a resource.

"As previously noted, though Federal programs have encouraged and funded multi-jurisdictional regional approaches, the substate district is essentially an administrative tool of states.  Generally there are a variety of agency based multi-jurisdictional substate district systems used by departments and agencies for program administration.  While they may interface with localities and local officials for planning and programming, there is rarely a representative organizational structure.  The Federal Metropolitan Planning Organization process is an exception, but it is confined to the defined urbanized areas and is for transportation planning only.  Regional councils are, or can be, multi-issue in their planning.

"The prototype uses the state based COG/regional council alignments as the substate region.  Most states have complete systems.For Delaware and Hawaii, the county is the substate region.  Compared to other systems of substate regions, the COG/regional councils have the advantage of local government representation appointed by the member local governments, the responsibility for a variety of planning processes which include local government planners, and, in many cases, the ability to implement or promote the implementation of regional programs.  Having worked together for over 40 years in some regions, there is some “regional community” social capital.  Staffs work with communities and their data, in effect cultivating “regional intelligence.”  Multi-state councils enable coordination across state lines, while operating consistent with regional council requirements of each state.  A national, single-layer of substate regions is the base product. If substate region boundaries are renegotiated, as is underway in Connecticut, the codes can be changed to match new alignments.  Multi-state regions are the sum of substate components." 

Sub-State Region Maps for the U.S.

In 2011, two posts were made showing substate region maps for COGs/Regional Councils and alternatives for those with incomplete systems by state. Part 1 - Maine to Texas and Part 2 - Michigan to Hawaii

If you are interested in more information, send me an email for the current paper and related information. Tom.Christoffel (at) gmail.com

Global Geocode Library Organizes U.S. Sub-state and Multi-state Region Wikipedia Pages Geographically

The Global Geocodes were designed to support analysis of sub-national political geographies. In the case of the United States, there are sub-state regions – counties or their equivalent, and multi-jurisdictional regions of these political entities, within a state or multi-state and, including municipalities within those units.

For this level, the nation code 5140 with its two digit decimal number, has a two digit field for multi-county regions and a two digit field  for counties or county equivalents within that region. Within regions, codes are assigned using the directional path North to South, then East to West (NSEW). 

In this example, Delaware, Maryland, the District of Columbia, and Virginia are shown. The District is at the center of several multi-state regions. The components in Maryland and Virginia are, for the most part, also in organized regional groupings.

  

For the purpose of this work, the County or equivalent is considered the original sub-state region. Delaware, with three counties, has no multi-state regions, but the coding accomplishes putting them in geographic order north to south. 

A map follows of the Mid-Atlantic States showing multi-jurisdiction regions. It includes Pennsylvania, New Jersey and West Virginia which have different approaches to multi-county regions.  

Subnational Geocode	County/ Independent City/Former City	State/Sub-state Region/Multi-State	Geocode Library Use Organizes Sub-state Region and Multi-State Wikipedia and Web Pages Geographically
5140.100000		Delaware	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware
5140.100010	New Castle County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Castle_County,_Delaware
5140.100020	Kent County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_County,_Delaware
5140.100030	Sussex County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sussex_County,_Delaware
5140.110000		Maryland	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland
5140.111010	Garrett County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrett_County,_Maryland
5140.111020	Allegany County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegany_County,_Maryland
5140.111030	Washington County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_County,_Maryland
5140.111099		Tri-County Council for Western Maryland	http://www.tccwmd.org/
5140.112010	Frederick County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland
5140.112020	Montgomery County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland
5140.112030	Prince Georges County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland
5140.112099		Suburban Washington Region	http://www.mwcog.org/
5140.113010	Charles County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_County,_Maryland
5140.113020	St. Marys County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary%27s_County,_Maryland
5140.113030	Calvert County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvert_County,_Maryland
5140.113099		Tri-County Council for Southern Maryland	http://www.tccsmd.org/index.cfm?content=55&Menu=27
5140.114010	Harford County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harford_County,_Maryland
5140.114020	Baltimore County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland
5140.114030	City of Baltimore		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore
5140.114040	Carroll County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_County,_Maryland
5140.114050	Howard County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_County,_Maryland
5140.114060	Anne Arundel County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland
5140.114099		Baltimore Metropolitan Council	http://www.baltometro.org/
5140.115010	Cecil County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_County,_Maryland
5140.115020	Kent County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_County,_Maryland
5140.115030	Queen Annes County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_County,_Maryland
5140.115099		Upper Shore Regional Council	http://www.uppershoreregionalcouncil.org/
5140.116010	Caroline County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_County,_Maryland
5140.116020	Talbot County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talbot_County,_Maryland
5140.116030	Dorchester County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorchester_County,_Maryland
5140.116099		Mid-Shore Regional Council	http://www.midshore.org/index.html
5140.117010	Worcester County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester_County,_Maryland
5140.117020	Wicomico County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicomico_County,_Maryland
5140.117030	Somerset County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_County,_Maryland
5140.117099		Tri-County Council for the Lower Eastern Shore	http://www.lowershore.org/
5140.120000	Washington	District of Columbia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.
5140.121099		Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments	http://www.mwcog.org/about/jurisdiction/
5140.122099		National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board	http://www.mwcog.org/transportation/tpb/jurisdictions.asp
5140.123099		National Capital Region - Homeland Security	http://www.capitalregionupdates.gov/go/doc/4063/1130963/
5140.124099		Washington Metropolitan Area	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area#Political_subdivisions
5140.130000		Virginia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia
5140.130310	Wise County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wise_County,_Virginia
5140.130320	City of Norton		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton,_Virginia
5140.130330	Lee County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_County,_Virginia
5140.130340	Scott County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_County,_Virginia
5140.130399		LENOWISCO Planning District Commission	http://www.lenowisco.org/
5140.130610	Buchanan County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchanan_County,_Virginia
5140.130620	Tazewell County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazewell_County,_Virginia
5140.130630	Russell County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_County,_Virginia
5140.130640	Dickenson County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickenson_County,_Virginia
5140.130699		Cumberland Plateau Planning District Commission	http://www.cppdc.com/
5140.130910	Bland County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bland_County,_Virginia
5140.130920	Wythe County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wythe_County,_Virginia
5140.130930	Carroll County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_County,_Virginia
5140.130940	City of Galax		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galax,_Virginia
5140.130950	Grayson County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayson_County,_Virginia
5140.130960	Smyth County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smyth_County,_Virginia
5140.130970	Washington County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_County,_Virginia
5140.130980	City of Bristol		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol,_Virginia
5140.130999		Mount Rogers Planning District Commission	http://www.mrpdc.org/
5140.131210	Giles County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giles_County,_Virginia
5140.131220	Montgomery County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Virginia
5140.131230	City of Radford		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radford,_Virginia
5140.131240	Pulaski County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Virginia
5140.131250	Floyd County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd_County,_Virginia
5140.131299		New River Valley Planning District Commission	http://www.nrvpdc.org/
5140.131510	Alleghany County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alleghany_County,_Virginia
5140.131520	City of Covington		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covington,_Virginia
5140.131530	Town of Clifton Forge		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifton_Forge,_Virginia
5140.131540	Botetourt County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botetourt_County,_Virginia
5140.131550	Roanoke County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_County,_Virginia
5140.131560	City of Roanoke		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia
5140.131570	City of Salem		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem,_Virginia
5140.131580	Craig County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_County,_Virginia
5140.131599		Roanoke Valley-Alleghany Regional Commission	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Valley-Alleghany_Regional_Commission
5140.131805	Rockingham County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockingham_County,_Virginia
5140.131810	City of Harrisonburg		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia
5140.131815	Augusta County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_County,_Virginia
5140.131820	City of Staunton		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staunton,_Virginia
5140.131825	City of Waynesboro		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waynesboro,_Virginia
5140.131830	Rockbridge County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockbridge_County,_Virginia
5140.131835	City of Lexington		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington,_Virginia
5140.131840	City of Buena Vista		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buena_Vista,_Virginia
5140.131845	Bath County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_County,_Virginia
5140.131850	Highland County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_County,_Virginia
5140.131899		Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission	http://www.cspdc.org/
5140.132110	Frederick County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia
5140.132120	City of Winchester		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia
5140.132130	Clarke County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke_County,_Virginia
5140.132140	Warren County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_County,_Virginia
5140.132150	Shenandoah County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenandoah_County,_Virginia
5140.132160	Page County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_County,_Virginia
5140.132199		Northern Shenandoah Valley Regional Commission	http://www.nsvregion.org/
5140.132410	Arlington County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia
5140.132420	City of Alexandria		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
5140.132430	Fairfax County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia
5140.132440	City of Falls Church		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia
5140.132450	City of Fairfax		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia
5140.132460	Loudoun County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia
5140.132470	Prince William County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia
5140.132480	City of Manassas Park		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia
5140.132490	City of Manassas		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia
5140.132499		Northern Virginia Regional Commission	http://www.novaregion.org/
5140.132710	Fauquier County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia
5140.132720	Rappahannock County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rappahannock_County,_Virginia
5140.132730	Culpeper County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culpeper_County,_Virginia
5140.132740	Madison County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_County,_Virginia
5140.132750	Orange County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_Virginia
5140.132799		Rappahannock-Rapidan Regional Commission	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rappahannock-Rapidan_Regional_Commission
5140.133010	Greene County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greene_County,_Virginia
5140.133020	Albemarle County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albemarle_County,_Virginia
5140.133030	City of Charlottesville		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia
5140.133040	Louisa County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisa_County,_Virginia
5140.133050	Fluvanna County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvanna_County,_Virginia
5140.133060	Nelson County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_County,_Virginia
5140.133099		Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission	http://www.tjpdc.org/
5140.133310	Amherst County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amherst_County,_Virginia
5140.133320	Bedford County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford_County,_Virginia
5140.133330	City of Bedford		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford,_Virginia
5140.133340	City of Lynchburg		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia
5140.133350	Campbell County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_County,_Virginia
5140.133360	Appomattox County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appomattox_County,_Virginia
5140.133399		Region 2000 (Central Virginia)	http://www.region2000.org/
5140.133610	Franklin County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_County,_Virginia
5140.133620	Patrick County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_County,_Virginia
5140.133630	Henry County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_County,_Virginia
5140.133640	City of Martinsville		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia
5140.133650	Pittsylvania County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsylvania_County,_Virginia
5140.133660	City of Danville		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danville,_Virginia
5140.133699		West Piedmont Planning District Commission	http://www.wppdc.org/
5140.133910	Halifax County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_County,_Virginia
5140.133920	Town of South Boston		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Boston,_Virginia
5140.133930	Mecklenburg County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecklenburg_County,_Virginia
5140.133940	Brunswick County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunswick_County,_Virginia
5140.133999		Southside Planning District Commission	http://www.southsidepdc.org/
5140.134210	Buckingham County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_County,_Virginia
5140.134220	Cumberland County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Virginia
5140.134230	Amelia County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_County,_Virginia
5140.134240	Nottoway County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottoway_County,_Virginia
5140.134250	Prince Edward County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Virginia
5140.134260	Charlotte County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_County,_Virginia
5140.134270	Lunenburg County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunenburg_County,_Virginia
5140.134299		Commonwealth Regional Council	http://www.virginiasheartland.org/
5140.134510	Hanover County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia
5140.134520	New Kent County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Kent_County,_Virginia
5140.134530	Charles City County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_City_County,_Virginia
5140.134540	Henrico County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia
5140.134550	City of Richmond		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia
5140.134560	Chesterfield County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia
5140.134570	Powhatan County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powhatan_County,_Virginia
5140.134580	Goochland County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goochland_County,_Virginia
5140.134599		Richmond Regional Planning District Commission	http://www.richmondregional.org/
5140.134810	Spotsylvania County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia
5140.134820	City of Fredericksburg		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia
5140.134830	Stafford County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia
5140.134840	King George County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_County,_Virginia
5140.134850	Caroline County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_County,_Virginia
5140.134899		George Washington Regional Commission	http://www.gwregion.org/
5140.135110	Westmoreland County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Virginia
5140.135120	Richmond County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_County,_Virginia
5140.135130	Northumberland County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Virginia
5140.135140	Lancaster County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Virginia
5140.135199		Northern Neck Planning District Commission	http://www.nnpdc17.state.va.us/
5140.135410	Essex County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_County,_Virginia
5140.135420	King and Queen County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_and_Queen_County,_Virginia
5140.135430	Middlesex County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Virginia
5140.135440	Gloucester County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucester_County,_Virginia
5140.135450	Mathews County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathews_County,_Virginia
5140.135499	King William County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_William_County,_Virginia
5140.135499		Middle Peninsula Planning District Commission	http://www.mppdc.com/
5140.135710	Surry County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surry_County,_Virginia
5140.135720	Prince George County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George_County,_Virginia
5140.135730	City of Hopewell		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopewell,_Virginia
5140.135740	City of Colonial Heights		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Heights,_Virginia
5140.135750	City of Petersburg		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia
5140.135760	Dinwiddie County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinwiddie_County,_Virginia
5140.135770	Sussex County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sussex_County,_Virginia
5140.135780	Greensville County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greensville_County,_Virginia
5140.135790	City of Emporia		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporia,_Virginia
5140.135799		Crater Planning District Commission	http://www.craterpdc.org/
5140.136005	City of Poquoson		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poquoson,_Virginia
5140.136010	York County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_County,_Virginia
5140.136015	James City County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_City_County,_Virginia
5140.136020	City of Williamsburg		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia
5140.136025	City of Newport News		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia
5140.136030	City of Hampton		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia
5140.136040	Southampton County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southampton_County,_Virginia
5140.136045	City of Franklin		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin,_Virginia
5140.136050	Isle of Wight County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_County,_Virginia
5140.136055	City of Suffolk		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolk,_Virginia
5140.136060	City of Chesapeake		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia
5140.136065	City of Portsmouth		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia
5140.136070	City of Norfolk		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia
5140.136075	City of Virginia Beach		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia
5140.136099		Hampton Roads Planning District Commission	http://www.hrpdc.org/
5140.136310	Accomack County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accomack_County,_Virginia
5140.136320	Northampton County		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton_County,_Virginia
5140.136399		Accomack-Northampton Planning District Commission	http://a-npdc.org/

Some information is in the "Geocode Introduction" sidebar. If you are interested in more information, send me an email for the current paper and related information. Tom.Christoffel (at) gmail.com